Ancient Greek and Roman timeline and map

Greek vase painting: three women process toward the left

The Horai, goddesses of the seasons, presiding over the orderly passage of time. The one on the left holds a spring branch, the one in the middle holds summer fruit, and the one on the right holds something small, maybe a seed. Their name is related to the English word 'hour.' About 500 BCE, Berlin F2278, Antikensammlung Berlin. Image source Links to an external site..

Here for your reference is a handy Map and Timeline of the ancient Greek and Roman world.

BCE = Before the Common Era. CE = Common Era (= A.D.) ca. = circa = approximately

Roman world (centered on the Italian peninsula)	Greek world (centered on the Aegean Sea)
Paleolithic Age to ca. 8000 BCE hunting; flaked stone tools	Paleolithic Age to ca. 8000 BCE hunting; flaked stone tools
Neolithic Age: ca. 7000-3000 BCE introduction of agriculture; polished stone tools	Neolithic Age: ca. 7000-3000 BCE introduction of agriculture; polished stone tools
Bronze Age: fortified settlements, evidence of long distance trade	Bronze Age: fortified settlements, evidence of long distance trade ca. 2000 Greek speakers enter Greece ca 2000-1400 Minoan civilization on Crete ca. 1500 Mycenaean civilization on Greek mainland
ca. 1250 legendary date of foundation of Rome by refugees from Troy	ca. 1250 legendary date of fall of Troy
'Dark age' ca. 1100-800 BCE
753 Romulus said to have founded Rome, ruled by kings	Archaic Period ca. 750-500 Rise of Greek city-states; circulation of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey; Hesiod's Theogony and his Works and Days; Homeric Hymn to Demeter; poetry of Sappho
509 rape of Lucretia -> expulsion of King Tarquinius Superbus; establishment of Roman Republic (rule by 2 elected consuls) 451 codification and publications on Roman laws in Twelve Tables	Classical Period ca. 500-323 BCE 508 Cleisthenes structures Athenian democracy 461-429 Age of Pericles 451 Pericles' citizenship law ca. 440 Hippocratic teachings in medicine on the island of Cos 431-404 Peloponnesian War 399 Trial of Socrates 390 writings of Xenophon, including Oeconomicus 387 Plato founds Academy
	338 Philip of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea; Macedonian hegemony over Greece
	352-323 Alexander the Great
218-202 Rome's second war with Carthage 215 Oppian Law restricts women's consipcuous consumption 195 repeal of Oppian Law 186 'Bacchanalian conspiracy' suppressed by Roman Senate	Hellenistic period 323-31 BCE 335 Aristotle founds Lyceum at Athens 331 establishment of Alexandria in Egypt 341-270 life of the philosopher Epicurus
146 Rome defeats Carthage (3rd Punic war)	146 Corinth defeated by Rome; all mainland Greece becomes a Roman province
31 BCE Octavian takes sole power in Rome, and gradually establishes the Roman empire (rule by 1 emperor); Octavian is renamed Augustus	31 BCE defeat of Cleopatra, ruler of Alexandria, by Octavian-> Rome is the ruling power in all territories formerly controlled by the Greek successors of Alexander
203 CE death of Perpetua in Carthage
313 CE Edict of Milan ended the persecution of Christians
	415 CE death of Hypatia in Alexandria