Midterm Exam Feb. 8, 3:30-5:30
- Due Feb 8, 2024 by 5:30pm
- Points 20
- Submitting a file upload
- File Types doc and docx
- Available Feb 8, 2024 at 3:30pm - Feb 8, 2024 at 5:30pm 2 hours
Anthropology 377
Anthropology and International Health
Midterm Examination, Winter 2023
The exam consists of two essay questions that are each worth 10 points (exam is worth a total of 20 points). Please read the question carefully and write a response in essay form. Do not use bullet point lists and please take time to organize your answer before you begin writing. Use the space below each question to complete your answer. Your answers should be at least 250 words for each question but can be longer. Also, there is one extra credit question at the end of the exam!!
1.) Amartya Sen contrasts coercive “override” approaches to fertility reduction versus “collaborative” approaches. Based on lecture and readings, briefly explain what is meant by each of these terms. Identify one country (or area within one country) where the collaborative approach has been successful in reducing total fertility and explain why.
2.) In her 1990 article about anthropology and international health, Jean Coreil argues that earlier medical anthropology was characterized by an “adversary” model. This would be replaced eventually by the “insight” model. Describe what these two models mean in Coreil’s view. Then explain why the insight model is a better fit with the Primary Health Care approach to public health and health care in developing countries. (10 pts)
EXTRA CREDIT!!!! (1 point)
What major event is coming up in Dr. Pfeiffer's life that may lead him to "rise from the ashes like a phoenix" according to astrologers?
Rubric
Find Rubric
| Criteria | Ratings | Pts | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Override/Coercion:
Assumes that women must be coerced into reducing fertility against what they actually would like to do. In very poor agricultural societies it often makes good economic sense to have larger numbers of children. Public health practitioners try to “override” what women actually want to do and this can lead to forms of coercion. (3 points)
threshold:
pts
|
|
pts
--
|
||
|
Collaboration:
Many women actually would like to reduce their fertility somewhat, and especially have access to birth control to space their pregnancies. A collaborative approach focuses on helping women have access to birth control that they choose, and to supporting higher levels of literacy, social safety nets, and reducing child mortality. When women (and their partners) do not have to worry as much about child mortality, and having a family based social safety net they most often choose to reduce their fertility. Amartya Sen therefore says that fertility reduction should be collaborative and not coercive. Approaches to improving living and social conditions (education, better healthe care, social security, safety nets) lead to women choosing lower fertility without being coerced. Answers might distinguish between “population control”, which is more coercive and “birth control” which seeks to provide women with services that help them make their own choices. (3 points)
threshold:
pts
|
|
pts
--
|
||
|
National Examples:
They could mention one of the following: Kerala State in India, Cuba, Costa Rica, Iran, Sri Lanka, Thailand or several others if they argue the following: For any of these countries they could mention female literacy, better health care (reduced child mortality and access to birth control), land reform, various forms of social security such as pensions, unemployment, and old age social security. (4 points)
threshold:
pts
|
|
pts
--
|
||
|
“Adversary model” :
= biomedicine views local “traditional” culture as problematic and something that impedes progress to providing care to local populations or promotes behavior that is harmful to health. Anthros using this model would try to study traditional culture to figure out how to overcome it and help people “modernize”. 3 points
threshold:
pts
|
|
pts
--
|
||
|
“Insight model”:
= traditional culture is seen in a positive light and local traditions need to be understood so that biomedical providers can work together with local culture to deliver services. This could include working with traditional healers and midwives, developing health education campaigns using local terms and concepts, and making health services user friendly etc. (3 points)
threshold:
pts
|
|
pts
--
|
||
|
The insight model fits the PHC approach because...:
PHC promotes community participation, builds traditional healers into program, advocates training and collaboration with community health workers as part of PHC, and builds on local appropriate technology etc….. (4 points)
threshold:
pts
|
|
pts
--
|
||
|
Extra-Credit
What major event is coming up in Dr. Pfeiffer's life that may lead him to "rise from the ashes like a phoenix" according to astrologers?
Solar Eclipse; will accept birthday
threshold:
pts
|
|
pts
--
|
||
|
Total Points:
20
out of 20
|
||||