Reading Qs 8

The inscriptions of Hadad, Panamuwa, and Katamuwa are all from the Syrian kingdom of Yaadiya/Sam’al (centered on the modern town of Zinjirli). The Esmunazor inscription is from Sidon, a major city on the south Syrian/north Canaanite coast.

The Gods

Hadad – a storm god, similar or equivalent to Baal

Sin/Sahar – a moon god, married to goddess Nikkal in some stories

An Inscription for Hadad (mid 700s BC[E])

1. Who is this inscription about, and where was it placed?
2. What did he do for the gods?
3. What did he do for his people?
4. What does he want his sons to do for him? What will happen to them if they don’t do this?

An Inscription for Panamuwa (later 700s BC[E])

1. Who is this inscription about, who sponsored it, and where was it placed?
2. How did Panamuwa become a vassal of Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria?
3. What was Panamuwa’s mourning and burial like?

Katamuwa’s Inscription (end of 700s BC[E])

1. What feast/offerings did Katamuwa provide, and who did he provide them for?
2. What does he want the future inheritors of this land to do?
3. Look at the picture of the stela. What does Katamuwa seem to be doing in the picture?

Eshmunazor Inscription (500s BC[E])

1. What was this inscription written on?
2. What did Eshmunazor accomplish in his life?
3. What does he absolutely not want to have happen to his burial?