Final exam study guide

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The final exam will be available through Canvas from Monday, December 9, at 8 am to Tuesday, December 10, at 11:59 pm

  • You can take the exam at any time within the open period, but you must complete it no later than 12/10 at 11:59 pm (so make sure you start it at least 90 minutes before then).
  • You will have 90 minutes to compete the exam once you log in. The exam cannot be paused, so make sure you’re prepared to finish the exam before you log in.
  • Questions for sections I and II will be randomly generated from a question bank.
  • Ignore your initial grade. Canvas is terrible at grading write in questions, but there is no way to disable the auto-grade feature. We know this is a problem, so we will be manually regrading each exam. Accurate scores for the exam will be published in Canvas once the exams have all been graded. We will notify you when they are ready.

 

Note that you are being tested on what you learned IN THIS CLASS, not what you learned in another class, or from Wikipedia or any other website (which may contain inaccurate information), so you’ll want to be sure your answers come from lecture and our textbook. 

I: Definitions – 20%

All of these terms were defined in lecture. 20 of these terms will appear on the exam, you will match them to their definitions. Consult your lecture notes to find definitions, or visit this glossary https://tudorhistory.org/glossaries/Links to an external site.. (A Google search will also turn up an accurate definition for most of these terms.) 1 point each; 20 points total.

  1. Anglican
  2. Praemunire
  3. annates
  4. Anabaptists
  5. Sacramentarians
  6. iconoclasm
  7. enclosure
  8. entry fine
  9. covetousness
  10. stewardship
  11. dearth orders
  12. recusancy fine
  13. vestments
  14. Puritan
  15. predestination
  16. prophesying
  17. Presbyterian
  18. Excommunication
  19. cunning folk
  20. maleficium
  21. humanism
  22. grammar school
  23. petty school
  24. Inns of Court
  25. forest
  26. disafforestation
  27. convertible husbandry
  28. worsteds
  29. fustians
  30. reivers
  31. Wardens of the Marches
  32. clergyable offense

II: Short Answer Questions – 40%

All of the following material has been covered in lecture or in the textbook. 40 of these questions will appear on the exam, you will answer all of them. 1 point each; 40 points total.

 

  1. Who was Catherine of Aragon’s first husband?
  2. What passage from the Old Testament did Henry VIII use to justify his desire for an annulment?
  3. Pope Clement VII couldn’t grant Henry VIII an annulment due to the influence of a powerful relative of Catherine of Aragon. Who was that relative and what was his relationship to Catherine?
  4. Which two members of the clergy presided over the inquiry into Henry VIII’s marriage in 1529?
  5. What charge did Henry VIII threaten Cardinal Wolsey with in 1529?
  6. Which of Henry VIII’s advisors was the architect of the Royal Supremacy?
  7. Which 1533 act declared that England was an imperial monarchy, that no foreign jurisdiction was valid within its boundaries, and that no appeals to its judicial decisions could be taken outside the kingdom?
  8. What was Henry VIII’s title as head of the English Church?
  9. When were Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn married (month and year)?
  10. When was Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled (month and year)?
  11. Was the Henrician Reformation primarily a battle over religious reform or jurisdiction?
  12. Who is featured seated in majesty and handing down the word of God in the frontispiece to the Great Bible of 1538?
  13. Did Henry endorse Protestant or Catholic doctrine in the Act of Six Articles issued in 1539?
  14. What year was Thomas Cromwell executed?
  15. How old was Edward VI when he came to the throne?
  16. Who effectively ruled England as Lord Protector from 1547-1549?
  17. What member of the clergy attempted to create a reformed liturgy for England by issuing the Prayer Book and the Act of Uniformity in 1549?
  18. Who became Lord Protector in 1549 after the Prayer Book Rebellion and Kett’s Rebellion?
  19. Whom did Edward VI choose as his successor and why did he choose this person?
  20. What act did Mary repeal in 1553 as a first step toward restoring Catholicism?
  21. Which two reforming bishops were burned facing each other in the marketplace at Oxford in 1555?
  22. How and when did Archbishop Cranmer die?
  23. Name two of the female rulers John Knox was criticizing in his First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women.
  24. Which author’s Acts and Monuments is largely responsible for the negative view of Mary’s reign?
  25. What three factors contributed to England’s economic and social problems during the 16th century?
  26. What was the population of England in 1524 and what was it in 1599?
  27. What did landlords generally do on the lands they enclosed during the first wave of enclosures in the 15th and 16th centuries?
  28. Which group benefitted the most from the inflation of the 16th century: yeomen, husbandmen, or laborers?
  29. What sin did the Commonwealth’s Men see as the root of the social dislocation of the mid-16th century?
  30. What was the name of the lawyer from York who led the Pilgrimage of Grace?
  31. What battle ended Kett’s Rebellion?
  32. What statute was passed in 1563 to regulate wages and relations between employers and their employees?
  33. What title did Elizabeth take as head of the English Church in the Second Act of Supremacy of 1559?
  34. How much was the recusancy fine at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign?
  35. What amount was the recusancy fine raised to in 1581?
  36. Which two groups opposed Elizabeth’s religious settlement?
  37. What illness did Elizabeth almost die from in 1562?
  38. Who established a college in Douai in 1568 for training Catholic priests to be smuggled back into England?
  39. Which two northern earls rose in rebellion against Elizabeth in 1569?
  40. What year did Pope Pius V excommunicate Elizabeth and absolve her Catholic subjects of their obedience to her?
  41. Which plot to depose Elizabeth finally resulted in the trial and execution of Mary, Queen of Scots? (Give the name of the plot and the year)
  42. What was the name for the hiding spots used to conceal Catholic priests?
  43. After 1585, what crime was any Catholic priest found in England automatically guilty of?
  44. What year was the first law against witchcraft passed in early modern England?
  45. Which of the following services did cunningfolk NOT offer: herbal medicines, love spells, finding lost objects, flying lessons, fortune-telling, or diagnosing witchcraft?
  46. Was witchcraft prosecuted as heresy or as a regular felony in England?
  47. How were convicted witches executed in England?
  48. Which one of the following features was characteristic of English witch beliefs: witches hold sabbats, witches fornicate with the devil, witches have familiars that do their bidding, witches eat babies.
  49. Describe the kind of person who was most likely to be accused of witchcraft in the late 16th century England (gender, age, and socio-economic status).
  50. Which county had the highest incidence of witchcraft accusations in England?
  51. Were witch trials in England typically the result of organized persecution by zealous authorities searching for witches, or were they cases brought to court by individuals who believed that they had been victims of maleficium?
  52. What year were the English witchcraft laws repealed?
  53. Who was Elizabeth’s chief advisor from the beginning of her reign until his death in 1598?
  54. What three “matters of state” did Elizabeth view as coming under her personal prerogative (i.e., subject entirely to her discretion)?
  55. What group took over the government of Scotland after forcing Mary, Queen of Scots to abdicate in 1567?
  56. Who was Mary, Queen of Scots first husband?
  57. What was the name of Mary, Queen of Scots secretary who Lord Darnley was accused of murdering?
  58. Why was Lord Robert Dudley disqualified as a potential husband for Elizabeth?
  59. How many members did Parliament have at the end of Elizabeth’s reign?
  60. Did political participation expand or contract during Elizabeth’s reign?
  61. What 1584 act legislated a national obligation to take revenge if Elizabeth was killed, and excluded anyone guilty of plotting her death from the succession?
  62. According to the contingency plan William Cecil drew up in the mid 1580s, who would choose Elizabeth’s successor if the queen died or was assassinated?
  63. What were the two cultural influences driving the new interest in formal schooling in the second half of the 16th century?
  64. What was humanism?
  65. Which of the following reasons did Protestants give for advocating education: aiding people in attaining salvation or producing virtuous rulers?
  66. Did the majority of gentry students at Oxford and Cambridge in the late 16th century earn degrees? (yes or no)
  67. Where did you go to get an education in the law in late 16th century England?
  68. What kind of school could most children attend to receive a basic education in vernacular literacy and arithmetic?
  69. Was it ever possible for poor children to attend a university in 16th century England? (yes or no)
  70. Could women attend university in 16th century England? (yes or no)
  71. Could girls attend petty schools? (yes or no)
  72. What was the rate of female illiteracy in the towns in late 16th century England?
  73. What type of agriculture became dominant in England in the late 16th century?
  74. In what two ways did the second wave of enclosures around 1600 differ from the first wave of enclosures in the late 15th and early 16th centuries?
  75. What was the population of London in 1600?
  76. What did Elizabeth’s government do to promote the expansion of agriculture?
  77. What did Elizabeth’s government grant to certain manufacturers to encourage domestic production of items that had previously been imported?
  78. What did Elizabeth’s government grant to certain merchant companies to encourage the opening of new trades routes?
  79. How much did England’s national income rise between the 1560s and 1600?
  80. Did the economic expansion England experienced in the second half of the 16th century eradicate the problems of inflation, wage stagnation, and poverty? (yes or no)
  81. What areas of the kingdom had the greatest problem with crime in the late 16th century?
  82. What were the families of raiders on the Scottish border known as?
  83. When Sir Thomas Langton killed Sir Thomas Houghton and some of his men in 1589, why were royal officials unable to indict Langton?
  84. What punishment did Sir Thomas Langton eventually receive for killing Sir Thomas Houghton?
  85. What two councils were appointed to reduce crime in the border areas of England during Elizabeth’s reign?
  86. Name two of the four types of theft discussed in class that were capital crimes.
  87. What was Psalm 51:1 known as due to its use in clergyable offenses?
  88. Women could not plead benefit of clergy, but they could escape the noose in another way. What could they plead?
  89. True or false: grand juries could refuse to indict if they felt that a charge was malicious, there wasn’t enough evidence, or they just felt that mercy was appropriate.
  90. What could juries do if they decided to convict someone for theft, but did not want to impose the death penalty?
  91. Under the Tudors the old partnership between the crown and the nobility was replaced by another partnership between the crown and what group?

 

III. Timeline – 20%

Provide dates for the following 20 items and place them in chronological order. Use the first year of a monarch’s reign to place them on the timeline (e.g. Richard III reigned from 1483-1485, so he would be placed under 1483), or the year of death for other people. For most events and statutes, the year is sufficient. For events that spanned multiple years (like the Wars of the Roses), use the year the event began to place it on the timeline.

 

Example:

1455-1485 Wars of the Roses

1483-1485 Richard III

1499 death of Perkin Warbeck

 

Execution of Archbishop Cranmer

Wyatt’s Rebellion

First Act of Supremacy

Second Act of Supremacy

Babington Plot

Ridolfi Plot

Execution of Anne Boleyn

English defeat of the Spanish Armada

Elizabeth I

Kett’s Rebellion

Henry VIII’s marriage to Katherine of Aragon annulled

Mary I

Execution of Sir Thomas More

Dissolution of the Monasteries

Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots

Henry VIII

Edward VI

Henry VII

Pilgrimage of Grace

Publication of the Great Bible

 Primary Source Analysis – 20%

The following excerpts are from primary sources we have read for class. All of these will appear on the exam, you will discuss the context and content of ONE of them. Answers should address the following three questions:

  1. Explain what the text is (e.g. what type of source is it, what is the source about, what do we know about the author, what do we know about where his information comes from, what is the author’s bias, and are there any other issues with the source that need to be taken into account). This should take no more than a sentence or two; you should focus your efforts on the next two points.
  2. Analyze the quote (explain where the quote is situated in the text and explain what is going on in the quote itself).
  3. How does this quote fit in to the contemporary themes and/or events discussed in lecture? (Make sure you get your chronology right; if a quote came out of a text produced during the fifteenth century, connect it to fifteenth-century themes and events, not themes and events from the sixteenth century.)

 

Choose ONE of the following. Answers should be about 300-400 words in length. 20 points.

 

  1. William Roper, The Life of Sir Thomas More, c. 1553

“Thus did it by his doings throughout the whole course of his life appear that all his travails and pains, without respect of earthly commodities (benefits or profits) either to himself or any of his, were only upon the service of God, the prince, and the realm, wholly bestowed and employed. Whom I heard in his later time to say that he never asked the King for himself the value of one penny.”

 

  1. George Cavendish, The Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey, c. 1558

“Then were his enemies compelled to indict him in a praemunire, and all was done only to the intent to entitle the King to all his goods and possessions, the which he had gathered together and purchased for his colleges in Oxford and Ipswich, and for the maintenance of the same, which was then a-building in most sumptuous wise.”

 

  1. George Cavendish, The Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey, c. 1558

“I will declare unto you the especial cause that moved me hereunto. It was a certain scrupulosity that pricked my conscience… whether our daughter Mary should be legitimate in respect of the marriage which was sometime between the Queen here and my brother late Prince Arthur. These words were so conceived within my scrupulous conscience that it bred a doubtful prick within my breast, which doubt pricked, vexed, and troubled so my mind, and so disquieted me, that I was in great doubt of God’s indignation; which, as seemed me, appeared right well, much the rather for that he hath not sent me any issue male; for all such issue males as I have received of the Queen died incontinent after they were born, so I doubt the punishment of God on that behalf.”

 

  1. George Gower, Armada Portrait, 1588

image.png

  1. Explain what the image is (e.g. what type of image is it, who made it, and when and why was it made?). This should take no more than a sentence or two; you should focus your efforts on the next two points.
  2. Analyze the image (briefly explain what is going on in the image, what does it actually depict, what kinds of symbolism does the artist use, is there any deeper meaning the artist is trying to convey?).
  3. How does this image fit in to the contemporary themes and/or events discussed in lecture?
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